Fabrication of MWCNTs and Ru Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles Composite Carbon Sensor for Biomedical Application

Carbon-based resources introduced as sensing tools enormously in recent years for biomedical and biological applications. In the current research, a novel carbon-based material is proposed to study electrochemical nature of clozapine (CLZ), an antipsychotic drug. The proposed carbon matrix composed of synthesized Ru doped TiO2 (RuTiO2) nanoparticles and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The surface characteristics of synthesized RuTiO2 were studied by utilizing Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) followed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) study. The electrooxidation of CLZ was studied at RuTiO2, MWCNTs, and RuTiO2/MWCNTs composite modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetric (SWV) techniques. The influence of various physicochemical parameters on the signal enhancement of CLZ was studied. The concentration of CLZ was determined by the electrode in a wide concentration range of about 0.01 uM to 0.07 uM with LOD value of 0.057 nM. The practical electroanalytical application was conducted by carrying out quantification of CLZ in the analysis of clinical dosages and as well as in human urine samples.