Angiopoietin‐1 negatively regulates expression and activity of tissue factor in endothelial cells

Normally, tissue factor (TF) is not expressed on the surface of endothelial cells, but its expression can be induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α. However, the signaling pathway(s) affecting this induction is unknown. Using human umbilical vein endothelial cells, we found that inhibitors of guanine‐cytosine‐rich DNA binding protein and nuclear factor (NF)‐κB suppressed VEGF‐ and TNF‐α‐induced expression and activity of TF. However, unexpectedly, phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3′‐kinase inhibitor enhanced the VEGF‐ and TNF‐α‐induced expression and activity of TF. Angiopoietin‐1 (Ang1), a strong activator of intracellular PI 3′‐kinase/Akt, inhibited the induction of TF by VEGF and TNF‐α, whereas Ang1 itself did not produce any significant effect on TF. Selective activation (or inactivation) of PI 3′‐kinase/Akt by using adenoviral transfer reduced (or enhanced) TNF‐α‐induced expression of TF mRNA and protein, regardless of Ang1 treatment. From these results, we conclude that Ang1 inhibits the up‐regulation of TF expression, possibly through activation of PI 3′‐kinase/Akt in endothelial cells. Ang1 may be useful as an inhibitor of VEGF‐ and TNF‐α‐induced coagulation, inflammation, and cancer progression.