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Neuropathology in Neonatal Mice After Experimental Coxsackievirus B2 Infection Using a Prototype Strain, Ohio-1.

Authors :
Ushioda, Waka
Kotani, Osamu
Kawachi, Kengo
Iwata-Yoshikawa, Naoko
Suzuki, Tadaki
Hasegawa, Hideki
Shimizu, Hiroyuki
Takahashi, Kimimasa
Nagata, Noriyo
Source :
Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology; February 2020, Vol. 79 Issue: 2 p209-225, 17p
Publication Year :
2020

Abstract

Coxsackievirus B (CVB) causes severe morbidity and mortality in neonates and is sometimes associated with severe brain damage resulting from acute severe viral encephalomyelitis. However, the neuropathology of CVB infection remains unclear. A prototype strain of coxsackievirus B2 (Ohio-1) induces brain lesions in neonatal mice, resulting in dome-shaped heads, ventriculomegaly, and loss of the cerebral cortex. Here, we characterized the glial pathology in this mouse model. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an absence of the cerebral cortex within 2 weeks after inoculation. Histopathology showed that virus replication triggered activation of microglia and astrocytes, and induced apoptosis in the cortex, with severe necrosis and lateral ventricular dilation. In contrast, the brainstem and cerebellum remained morphologically intact. Immunohistochemistry revealed high expression of the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (a primary receptor for CVB) in mature neurons of the cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, and midbrain, demonstrating CVB2 infection of mature neurons in these areas. However, apoptosis and neuroinflammation from activated microglia and astrocytes differed in thalamic and cortical areas. Viral antigens were retained in the brains of animals in the convalescence phase with seroconversion. This animal model will contribute to a better understanding of the neuropathology of CVB infection.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
00223069 and 15546578
Volume :
79
Issue :
2
Database :
Supplemental Index
Journal :
Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology
Publication Type :
Periodical
Accession number :
ejs52386947
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1093/jnen/nlz124