Adaptive behavior of adults with Down syndrome and their health-related quality of life

Objectives: Adaptive behavior, the ability to function in one’s environment, is compromised in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Problems with adaptive behaviors may impact the individual’s physical and mental health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This study aims to describe the adaptive behavior of adults with DS and examine the role adaptive behavior has on their HRQOL. Methods: Sixty dyads of adults with DS and their caregivers completed the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition (Vineland-II) and QualityMetric 12-Item Short Form Health Survey, version 2 (SF-12v2). Results: All mean adaptive behavior levels were in the low range except coping and receptive communication, which were within the moderately low range. A significant negative correlation existed between age of the adult with DS and overall adaptive functioning, daily living skills, and socialization. Pairwise comparison revealed significant differences across Vineland-II domains, with ratings of socialization higher than daily living skills and communication, and daily living skills higher than communication. Only mental HRQOL was positively correlated with daily living skills, socialization, and overall adaptive functioning. Two parallel regression models were created, resulting in written communication (negative) and interpersonal relationships (positive) being the only significant predictors of mental HRQOL. Conclusions: Caregiver-reported adaptive behavior of adults with DS was in the low to moderately low ranges. By exploring associations between adaptive behavior and HRQOL, adults with DS, their caregivers, their providers (including healthcare, education, and service providers), and researchers can develop and target interventions to improve the adaptive behavior and, thus, the HRQOL of adults with DS.