Chemical Constituents from the Aerial Parts of Agastache rugosaand Their Inhibitory Activities on Prostaglandin E2Production in Lipopolysaccharide-Treated RAW 264.7 Macrophages

A new flavone glucoside, acacetin-7-O-(3″-O-acetyl-6″-O-malonyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), two new phenolic glucosides, (3R,7R)-tuberonic acid-12-O-[6′-O-(E)-feruloyl]-β-d-glucopyranoside (14) and salicylic acid-2-O-[6′-O-(E)-feruloyl]-β-d-glucopyranoside (15), and two new phenylpropanoid glucosides, chavicol-1-O-(6′-O-methylmalonyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside (17) and chavicol-1-O-(6′-O-acetyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside(18), as well as 26 known compounds, 2–13, 16, and 19–31, were isolated from the aerial parts of Agastache rugose. The structures of the new compounds were established by spectroscopic/spectrometric methods such as HRESIMS, NMR, and ECD. The anti-inflammatory effect of the isolated compounds was evaluated by measuring their inhibitory activities on prostaglandin E2(PGE2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. New compounds 1, 15, 17, and 18inhibited LPS-induced PGE2production with IC50values of 16.8 ± 0.8, 33.9 ± 4.8, 14.3 ± 2.1, and 48.8 ± 4.4 μM, respectively. Compounds 5, 7, 9−11, 13, 19, 20, 22, and 27–30showed potent inhibitory activities with IC50values of 1.7–8.4 μM.