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Paediatric melanoma: clinical update, genetic basis, and advances in diagnosis

Authors :
Merkel, Emily A
Mohan, Lauren S
Shi, Katherine
Panah, Elnaz
Zhang, Bin
Gerami, Pedram
Source :
The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health; September 2019, Vol. 3 Issue: 9 p646-654, 9p
Publication Year :
2019

Abstract

Paediatric melanoma is rare and challenging to diagnose. The three subtypes are Spitzoid melanoma, melanoma arising in a congenital melanocytic nevus, and conventional (also known as adult-type) melanoma. Spitzoid melanomas have characteristic histopathological and genomic aberrations. Despite frequent involvement of the sentinel lymph nodes, most cases have an uneventful clinical course. Among congenital nevi, the risk of melanoma varies by projected size in adulthood, with the greatest risk in large or giant nevi. The clinical course is generally aggressive and accounts for most melanoma-related deaths in childhood. In conventional melanoma, superficial spreading and nodular melanoma account for most cases, with risk factors and presentation largely similar to adult disease. In this Review, we discuss advances in histological diagnosis using adjunctive molecular assays, and summarise the genetic basis of paediatric melanoma.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
23524642 and 23524650
Volume :
3
Issue :
9
Database :
Supplemental Index
Journal :
The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health
Publication Type :
Periodical
Accession number :
ejs50746513
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30116-6