Use of Shear Wave Elastography in the Sonographic Triage of Thyroid Nodules: Feasibility Study in a Series of Lesions Already Selected for Fine Needle Aspiration

The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of shear wave elastography (SWE) in the routine management of thyroid nodules, as a possible additional tool to the standard sonographic triage. A total of 248 consecutive patients scheduled for ultrasound‐guided thyroid fine‐needle aspiration were included in the study. The presence of a pure colloid lesion was an exclusion criterion. Absolute and relative SWE stiffness measurements on color‐coded elastograms, expressed in kilopascals and meters per second, were correlated with radiologic and pathologic features. SWE values in thyroid nodules were significantly higher than normal thyroid tissue (P= .0001), proving the different elastic properties of the pathologic tissues. Regarding the radiologic characteristics of the nodules, SWE highest values were associated with the largest lesions (P= .0105) but independent from sonographic and Doppler findings. The SWE elasticity was not influenced by the characteristics of the biopsy smears. The final correlation between the SWE results and the pathologic diagnoses showed a trend in stiffness from tender tumors (follicular adenoma) to papillary thyroid carcinoma (P= .016). SWE allows the identification of nodules within normal parenchyma; however, the present study does not confirm the potential role in differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid nodules.