Adherence of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in peritoneal dialysis-related exit-site infections to HEp-2 cells and silicone peritoneal catheter materials

Background.Peritoneal catheter exit-site infections cause a relevant morbidity in peritoneal dialysis patients and are frequently caused by Staphylococcus aureus. We tested the hypothesis that adherence of exit-site-derived S.aureus to epithelial cells and peritoneal catheter silicone tubes discriminates virulent and less virulent strains.
Methods.The binding of isolated S. aureus to an epithelial cell line (HEp-2) and to silicone tubes was analyzed using light-microscopy or radioactive labeling of bacteria.
Results.Of 378 exit-site swabs, 99% (26%) were positive for microbial growth. S. aureus was cultured in 25 of 99 positive swabs; three of 13 swabs taken in exit-site infections grade 3 and 4 that had tested positive for S. aureus. Adherence of S. aureus from exit-site infections grade 2, 3 and 4 to Hep-2 cells did not differ from adherence of bacteria isolated from asymptomatic or moderately inflamed catheter exit sites (grade 0-2). However, binding of S. aureus to silicone tubes was enhanced in grade 0/1 compared with grade 2-4 exit-site isolates.
Conclusions.Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen in CAPD-related exit-site infection being isolated in about 6.6% of all exit-site swabs (and in 25% of all positive swabs). Silicone-adhesive strains may be of more clinical significance in peritoneal dialysis patients since adhesion to silicone was increased in S. aureus strains isolated in more severe exit-site infections.
Keywords:adherence; catheter exit-site; HEp-2 cells; peritoneal dialysis; Staphylococcus aureus; silicone