Effects of Withania somniferaon oral ethanol self-administration in rats

Recent evidence has shown that Withania somniferaDunal (Ashwagandha or Indian ginseng), a herbal remedy used in traditional medicine, impairs morphine-elicited place conditioning. Here, we investigated the effect of W. somniferaroots extract (WSE) on motivation for drinking ethanol using operant self-administration paradigms. Wistar rats were trained to self-administer ethanol (10) by nose-poking. The effects of WSE (25–75 mgkg) were evaluated on acquisition and maintenance, on ethanol breakpoint under a progressive-ratio schedule of reinforcement and on the deprivation effect and reinstatement of seeking behaviours. Moreover, on the basis of the recent suggestion of an involvement of GABABreceptors in WSE central effects, we studied the interaction between WSE and GABABligands. The effect of WSE on saccharin (0.05) oral self-administration was also tested. The results show that WSE reduced the acquisition, maintenance and breakpoint of ethanol self-administration. WSE also reduced the deprivation effect, reinstatement of ethanol-seeking behaviours and saccharin reinforcement. Furthermore, the GABABreceptor antagonist, phaclofen, counteracted the ability of WSE to impair the maintenance of ethanol self-administration. These findings show that WSE, by an action that may involve GABABreceptors, impairs motivation for drinking ethanol and suggest that further investigations should be performed to determine whether W. somniferamay represent a new approach for the management of alcohol abuse.