Macrophage-Produced IL-12p70 Mediates Hemorrhage-Induced Damage in a Complement-Dependent Manner

Hemorrhage and hemorrhagic shock instigate intestinal damage and inflammation. Multiple components of the innate immune response, including complement and neutrophil infiltration, are implicated in this pathology. To investigate the interaction of complement activation and other components of the innate immune response during hemorrhage, we treated mice after hemorrhage with CR2-fH, a targeted inhibitor of the alternative complement pathway and assessed intestinal damage and inflammation 2 h after hemorrhage. In wild-type mice, CR2-fH attenuated hemorrhage-induced, midjejunal damage and inflammation as determined by decreased mucosal damage, macrophage infiltration, leukotriene B4, IL-12p40, and TNF- production. The critical nature of intestinal macrophage infiltration and activation in the response to hemorrhage was further determined using mice pretreated with clodronate-containing liposomes. The absence of either macrophages or IL-12p70 attenuated intestinal damage. These data suggest that complement activation and macrophage infiltration with IL-12p70 production are critical to hemorrhage-induced midjejunal damage and inflammation.