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Three Paradoxical Effects on Academic Self-Concept Across Countries, Schools, and Students
- Source :
- European Psychologist; 20240101, Issue: Preprints p1-12, 12p
- Publication Year :
- 2024
-
Abstract
- Abstract.We simultaneously resolve three paradoxes in academic self-concept research with a single unifying meta-theoretical model based on frame-of-reference effects across 68 countries, 18,292 schools, and 485,490 15-year-old students. Paradoxically, but consistent with predictions, effects on math self-concepts were negative for:being from countries where country-average achievement was high; explaining the paradoxical cross-cultural self-concept effect;attending schools where school-average achievement was high; demonstrating big-fish-little-pond-effects (BFLPE) that generalized over 68 countries, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)/non-OECD countries, high/low achieving schools, and high/low achieving students;year-in-school relative to age; unifying different research literatures for associated negative effects for starting school at a younger age and acceleration/skipping grades, and positive effects for starting school at an older age (“academic red shirting”) and, paradoxically, even for repeating a grade.Contextual effects matter, resulting in significant and meaningful effects on self-beliefs, not only at the student (year in school) and local school level (BFLPE), but remarkably even at the macro-contextual country-level. Finally, we juxtapose cross-cultural generalizability based on Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) data used here with generalizability based on meta-analyses, arguing that although the two approaches are similar in many ways, the generalizability shown here is stronger in terms of support for the universality of the frame-of-reference effects.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 10169040 and 1878531X
- Issue :
- Preprints
- Database :
- Supplemental Index
- Journal :
- European Psychologist
- Publication Type :
- Periodical
- Accession number :
- ejs46254374
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000332