Legionella in water distribution systems

Regular culturing of distribution system samples is the key to successful disinfection. Legionnaires' disease arises from the presence of Legionellain water systems. Legionellacan be found within biofilms throughout the entire water distribution system. Control measures such as copper‐silver ionization, superheat‐and‐flush procedures, ultraviolet light, instantaneous heating systems, and hyperchlorination have been applied with variable success. Specific approaches, advantages, disadvantages, and costs of each method are reviewed. Many approaches commonly recommended by public health authorities have not been scientifically validated. Results from routine environmental surveillance cultures for Legionellaare the critical component for rational decision‐making.