Chemical Variation and Potential of KaempferiaOils as Larvicide Against Aedes aegypti

AbstractThe essential oil constituents of the Kaempferiaspecies, specifically K. angustiflora, K. marginataand the three varieties of K. galanga, i.e., K. galanga1, K. galanga2 and K. galanga3 from Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, were studied using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Monoterpene hydrocarbons and cinnamate derivatives were identified as the phytochemical markers of these Kaempferiaspecies. The chemical variation of these oils was investigated using Principle Component Analysis (PCA). Cinnamate derivatives were found to be the main components in the three varieties of K. galanga,whereas K. marginataand K. angustifloraconsisted of monoterpene hydrocarbons. Comparing the chemical variation between Kaempferiaspecies in this research and other areas in previous reports revealed similar constituents in different quantities. Additionally, the three varieties of K. galangashowed significant larvicidal activity, with LC50values ranging from 49.03 to 53.48 μg/ml. Based on partial least squares (PLS) regression, δ-3-carene, E-ethyl cinnamate, ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate, γ-cadinene and n-pentadecane are the dominant compounds and contributed positively to the larvicidal activity.