Direct determination of the air‐sea CO2gas transfer velocity in Arctic sea ice regions

The Arctic Ocean is an important sink for atmospheric CO2. The impact of decreasing sea ice extent and expanding marginal ice zones on Arctic air‐sea CO2exchange depends on the rate of gas transfer in the presence of sea ice. Sea ice acts to limit air‐sea gas exchange by reducing contact between air and water but is also hypothesized to enhance gas transfer rates across surrounding open‐water surfaces through physical processes such as increased surface‐ocean turbulence from ice‐water shear and ice‐edge form drag. Here we present the first direct determination of the CO2air‐sea gas transfer velocity in a wide range of Arctic sea ice conditions. We show that the gas transfer velocity increases near linearly with decreasing sea ice concentration. We also show that previous modeling approaches overestimate gas transfer rates in sea ice regions. Eddy covariance measurements of air‐sea gas transfer velocity from an icebreaker in open‐water and sea ice regions of the eastern ArcticOpen‐water measurements in agreement with bulk parameterizationsAir‐sea gas transfer velocity has a near‐linear dependence on decreasing sea ice concentration