Effects of La<SUP>3+</SUP>-containing additive on crystalline characteristics of isotactic polypropylene

The influence of a mixed additive of lanthanum stearate and stearic acid on the crystalline characteristics of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) has been investigated. The results of the wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) measurements and the melting behaviour examination by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) show that the additive might induce a high proportion of β-form and act as a β-form nucleating agent. The relative content of β-form estimated by WAXD is 33.1% in a PP containing 2.5% (by weight) of the additive. Isothermal crystallization at 130 °C, examined by DSC, reveals that the additive considerably accelerates the overall rate of crystallization: the half crystallization period t<INF>1/2</INF>, decreases from 11.7 min for pure PP to 7.3 min for PP containing 2.5% of the additive. However, the additive has no obvious influence on the nucleation mechanism and crystal growth mode. Polarized light microscopy (POM) examinations indicate that the addition of the additive to PP causes spherulites to become much finer. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry