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Characterizing the uptake, accumulation and toxicity of silver sulfide nanoparticles in plantsElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c6en00489j
- Source :
- Environmental Science: Nano; 2017, Vol. 4 Issue: 2 p448-460, 13p
- Publication Year :
- 2017
-
Abstract
- Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) are used in a wide range of everyday products, leading to increasing concerns regarding their accumulation in soils and subsequent impact on plants. Using single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) and synchrotron-based techniques including X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM), we characterized the uptake, speciation, and translocation of insoluble Ag2S-NPs (an environmentally-relevant form of Ag-NPs in soils) within two plant species, a monocot and a dicot. Exposure to 10 mg Ag L−1as Ag2S-NPs for one week resulted in a substantial increase in leaf Ag concentrations (3.8 to 5.8 μg Ag g−1dry mass). Examination using XAS revealed that most of the Ag was present as Ag2S (>91%). Furthermore, analyses using spICP-MS confirmed that these Ag2S particles within the leaves had a markedly similar size distribution to those supplied within the hydroponic solution. These observations, for the first time, provide direct evidence that plants take up Ag2S-NPs without a marked selectivity in regard to particle size and without substantial transformation (dissolution or aggregation) during translocation from roots to shoots. Furthermore, after uptake, these Ag2S-NPs reduced growth, partially due to the solubilisation of Ag+in planta, which resulted in an upregulation of genes involved in the ethylene signalling pathway. Additionally, the upregulation of the plant defense system as a result of Ag2S-NPs exposure may have contributed to the decrease in plant growth. These results highlight the risks associated with Ag-NP accumulation in plants and subsequent trophic transfer viathe food chain.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20518153 and 20518161
- Volume :
- 4
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- Supplemental Index
- Journal :
- Environmental Science: Nano
- Publication Type :
- Periodical
- Accession number :
- ejs41354463
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1039/c6en00489j