Heart failure and sleep disorders

Patients with heart failure (HF) are characterized by relevant problems during sleep, including short sleep time, low sleep quality, and sleep-disordered breathingApproximately 33% of patients with HF have insomnia, potentially related to HF features, adverse effects of medications, or to conditions that often accompany chronic diseases such as mood disorders and psychological stressACC/AHA guidelines have identified sleep deprivation and poor sleep quality as barriers to self-care and treatment adherence in patients with HFSleep-disordered breathing is highly prevalent in patients with HF; both central and obstructive sleep apnoeas are frequently observed in these patients, and were shown to have an important added prognostic valueContinuous positive airway pressure has a beneficial effect on left ventricular ejection fraction and is currently the best treatment option for obstructive sleep apnoeas in patients with HFAt present, no consensus exists on whether central sleep apnoeas should be treated and what the optimal therapy in HF might be