A dual-electrolyte based air-breathing regenerative microfluidic fuel cell with 1.76V open-circuit-voltage and 0.74V water-splitting voltage

The open circuit voltage of a conventional H2-O2fuel cell is limited to ~1.23V under atmospheric pressure, which limits the efficiency of the system. Here, we reported a dual-electrolyte microfluidic fuel cell system (DEFC), which could stably deliver an open circuit voltage up to 1.76V at room temperature under atmospheric pressure, and a peak power density of 145mW/cm2, improved by 3 times compared with that in single electrolyte mode. When operated in the reverse mode, the microfluidic cell can be used for water electrolysis, demonstrating a water split voltage of ~0.74V and a round trip voltage efficiency of 83.5% at a current density of 100mA/cm2. The neutralization energy of the two electrolytes, which could be wasted as heat, can be directly utilized to produce electricity or split water with high efficiency. Given the DEFC's features of high open-circuit voltage, low water splitting voltage, and room-temperature operation condition, the reported DEFCs technology presents a superior route for high-efficiency energy conversion and storage system that could revolutionize the fields of large-scale energy storage and portable power systems.