Pregabalin for the Treatment of Restless Legs Syndrome

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pregabalin for the treatment of restless legs syndrome (RLS). Data Sources:A search of the MEDLINE database (1956-February 2016) and EMBASE (1957-February 2016) was conducted, using the terms pregabalinand restless legs syndrome. In addition, a manual review of the references cited in each publication identified from the database search was conducted to identify relevant articles. Study Selection and Data Extraction:All English-language, peer-reviewed publications were evaluated for relevance. From an initial review of 285 articles, 5 clinical trials were included in the final analysis. Data Synthesis:Pregabalin is an analog of γ-aminobutyric acid that exhibits antinociceptive and anticonvulsant activity by binding to voltage-gated calcium channels in the central nervous system. Studies of pregabalin have demonstrated efficacy through significant reductions in mean International RLS Scale scores and wake after sleep onset scores, and it had a lower rate of augmentation than pramipexole treatment. Study durations ranged from 6 to 52 weeks, with doses ranging from 150 to 600 mg daily. The most common adverse effects associated with pregabalin use in all studies included dizziness and somnolence. Conclusions:Clinical evidence suggests that pregabalin may improve symptoms of RLS and reduce disturbances in sleep, resulting in improvements in quality of life for patients affected by the disease. Pregabalin is considered to be relatively safe and poses a minimal risk of augmentation unlike current recommended first-line treatments for RLS. Thus, evidence suggests that pregabalin is a reasonable therapeutic option for the treatment of RLS.