Pulmonary Imaging Biomarkers of Gas Trapping and Emphysema in COPD: 3He MR Imaging and CT Parametric Response Maps

In all ex-smokers, ventilation defects and apparent diffusion coefficients were correlated with parametric response map (PRM) gas trapping and emphysema measurements, and in a subset of ex-smokers with mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), ventilation defects were quantitatively and spatially related to PRM gas trapping, whereas in patients with severe COPD, there were spatial and quantitative relationships for ventilation defects with both PRM gas trapping and emphysema.