Synthesis and Examination of Electrolytic Sodium–Vanadium Oxide Compounds Intended for Cathodes of Lithium Batteries: The Mechanism of Formation of Electrolytic Bronze β-NaxV2O5

To determine the mechanism responsible for the formation of electrolytic sodium–vanadium oxide bronze e-NaxV2O5, synthesized earlier from acid vanadyl sulfate electrolyte, β-bronze i-NaxV2O5is synthesized by exposing electrolytic oxide e-V2O5in the same sodium-containing electrolyte under open-circuit conditions, with a subsequent annealing of the sample. It is established that the two modifications of β-bronze (e-NaxV2O5and i-NaxV2O5) are identical and that electrolytic precursors of β-bronze NaxV2O5form via an ion-exchange mechanism.