Directed assembly of cobalt(II) 1-H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid coordination networks by bipyridine and its derivatives: structural versatility, electrochemical properties, and antifungal activity

This paper describes the hydrothermal synthesis, full characterization, and architectural diversity of three intriguingly bioactive cobalt–organic frameworks, namely, 3D [Co(HL−)2(BPY)]n·4nH2O (1), 2D [Co(HL−)2(BPE)]n(2), and 2D [Co(HL−)2(DPP)]n(3) coordination polymers, synthesized through a mixed ligand strategy using H2L(1-H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid) as a main structural block and the flexible bipyridine and its derivatives (BPY = 4,4′-bipydine, BPE = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane, DPP = 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane) as auxiliary ligand sources. Complexes 1–3were isolated as air stable and slightly soluble crystalline solids and characterized using elemental analysis, FT-IR, electrochemical technique, thermogravimetric analysis, powder X-ray diffractometer, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The bipyridine derivatives played key roles in defining the structural space group and dimensionality feature of the obtained networks. The abundant H-bonding and π–πstacking interactions in complexes 1–3gave rise to their intricate metal–organic structures of 3D (1), 2D (2), and 2D (3). In addition, the solutions of complexes 1–3showed profound antifungal activities against the selected strain of Colletotrichum musaecompared with the controlled group using benomyl as a traditional agrochemical fungicide.