Sequence Analysis of the Knockdown Resistance-Homologous Region of the Para-Type Sodium Channel Gene from Pyrethroid-Resistant Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)

Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and degenerate oligonucleotide primers, a partial para</it>-homologous sodium channel cDNA was obtained from the southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus</it> (Canestrini). The cDNA sequence encoded the region in which knockdown resistance (kdr</it>)-type mutations have been identified in numerous insect species. Comparison of deduced amino acids from the cDNA sequence showed high similarity with sodium channels from other species, particularly in highly conserved repeat domains of the sodium channel. Analysis of the kdr</it>-homologous region of the genomic DNA sequences from several susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant tick strains did not detect mutations. The result suggests novel mutations in the sodium channel gene or metabolic detoxification may be involved in the resistance to pyrethroids in this tick.