A Comparison of Three Techniques Developed for Sampling and Analysis of Gunshot Residue by Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (SEM-EDX)

Three gunshot residue (GSR) collection methods from hand samples by scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) were compared: the tape lift, glue lift, and concentration techniques. Efficiency of particle collection was examined based on the number of rounds fired, the temperature, and the shelf life. The tape lift surface demonstrated excellent particle collection ability, and it remained stable for all conditions tested. Glue lift was less efficient under all conditions tested. Collection followed by concentration gave highly variable results. A table of advantages and disadvantages of each technique was developed.