Computed tomographic characteristics of canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma – a retrospective study in 52 dogs

Objective: Investigation of the computed tomographic appearance of canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma to describe characteristic imaging features of this neoplasia within the jaw bone. Material and methods: Retrospective evaluation of epidemiological data and imaging results in 70 dogs with histologically confirmed acanthomatous ameloblastoma. In 52 dogs a computed tomography study was available, while radiographs of the rostral maxilla or mandible were available in 18 dogs. Results: The neoplasia was most commonly located in the rostral parts of the mandible. Dogs of medium and large breeds were most commonly affected with no apparent breed predisposition. A bimodal age distribution could be demonstrated. 19% of the dogs were under 5 years of age. In 45 (86%) of 52 dogs examined by computed tomography osteolysis was present, which in some cases was extensive. An expansile bone destruction of the dental alveolar cavity with osteolysis of the apical border was recognized as the characteristic computed tomographic feature. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma commonly displays a characteristic computed tomographic appearance, which in combination with histopathological confirmation helps in the diagnosis of this tumour.