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Monosaccharides versusPEG-Functionalized NPs: Influence in the Cellular Uptake

Authors :
Moros, María
Hernáez, Bruno
Garet, Elina
Dias, Jorge T.
Sáez, Berta
Grazú, Valeria
González-Fernández, África
Alonso, Covadonga
de la Fuente, Jesús M.
Source :
ACS Nano; February 2012, Vol. 6 Issue: 2 p1565-1577, 13p
Publication Year :
2012

Abstract

Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) hold great promise for biomedical applications. The core composition and small size of these particles produce superparamagnetic behavior, thus facilitating their use in magnetic resonance imaging and magnetically induced therapeutic hyperthermia. However, the development and control of safe in vivoapplications for NPs call for the study of cell–NP interactions and cell viability. Furthermore, as for most biotechnological applications, it is desirable to prevent unspecific cell internalization of these particles. It is also crucial to understand how the surface composition of the NPs affects their internalization capacity. Here, through accurate control over unspecific protein adsorption, size distribution, grafting density, and an extensive physicochemical characterization, we correlated the cytotoxicity and cellular uptake mechanism of 6 nm magnetic NPs coated with several types and various densities of biomolecules, such as glucose, galactose, and poly(ethylene glycol). We found that the density of the grafted molecule was crucial to prevent unspecific uptake of NPs by Vero cells. Surprisingly, the glucose-coated NPs described here showed cellular uptake as a result of lipid raft instead of clathrin-mediated cellular internalization. Moreover, these glucose-functionalized NPs could be one of the first examples of NPs being endocytosed by caveolae that finally end up in the lysosomes. These results reinforce the use of simple carbohydrates as an alternative to PEG molecules for NPs functionalization when cellular uptake is required.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
19360851 and 1936086X
Volume :
6
Issue :
2
Database :
Supplemental Index
Journal :
ACS Nano
Publication Type :
Periodical
Accession number :
ejs26562713
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1021/nn204543c