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The Herschel-Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI)*

Authors :
de Graauw, Th.
Helmich, F. P.
Phillips, T. G.
Stutzki, J.
Caux, E.
Whyborn, N. D.
Dieleman, P.
Roelfsema, P. R.
Aarts, H.
Assendorp, R.
Bachiller, R.
Baechtold, W.
Barcia, A.
Beintema, D. A.
Belitsky, V.
Benz, A. O.
Bieber, R.
Boogert, A.
Borys, C.
Bumble, B.
Caïs, P.
Caris, M.
Cerulli-Irelli, P.
Chattopadhyay, G.
Cherednichenko, S.
Ciechanowicz, M.
Coeur-Joly, O.
Comito, C.
Cros, A.
de Jonge, A.
de Lange, G.
Delforges, B.
Delorme, Y.
den Boggende, T.
Desbat, J.-M.
Diez-González, C.
Di Giorgio, A. M.
Dubbeldam, L.
Edwards, K.
Eggens, M.
Erickson, N.
Evers, J.
Fich, M.
Finn, T.
Franke, B.
Gaier, T.
Gal, C.
Gao, J. R.
Gallego, J.-D.
Gauffre, S.
Gill, J. J.
Glenz, S.
Golstein, H.
Goulooze, H.
Gunsing, T.
Güsten, R.
Hartogh, P.
Hatch, W. A.
Higgins, R.
Honingh, E. C.
Huisman, R.
Jackson, B. D.
Jacobs, H.
Jacobs, K.
Jarchow, C.
Javadi, H.
Jellema, W.
Justen, M.
Karpov, A.
Kasemann, C.
Kawamura, J.
Keizer, G.
Kester, D.
Klapwijk, T. M.
Klein, Th.
Kollberg, E.
Kooi, J.
Kooiman, P.-P.
Kopf, B.
Krause, M.
Krieg, J.-M.
Kramer, C.
Kruizenga, B.
Kuhn, T.
Laauwen, W.
Lai, R.
Larsson, B.
Leduc, H. G.
Leinz, C.
Lin, R. H.
Liseau, R.
Liu, G. S.
Loose, A.
López-Fernandez, I.
Lord, S.
Luinge, W.
Marston, A.
Martín-Pintado, J.
Maestrini, A.
Maiwald, F. W.
McCoey, C.
Mehdi, I.
Megej, A.
Melchior, M.
Meinsma, L.
Merkel, H.
Michalska, M.
Monstein, C.
Moratschke, D.
Morris, P.
Muller, H.
Murphy, J. A.
Naber, A.
Natale, E.
Nowosielski, W.
Nuzzolo, F.
Olberg, M.
Olbrich, M.
Orfei, R.
Orleanski, P.
Ossenkopf, V.
Peacock, T.
Pearson, J. C.
Peron, I.
Phillip-May, S.
Piazzo, L.
Planesas, P.
Rataj, M.
Ravera, L.
Risacher, C.
Salez, M.
Samoska, L. A.
Saraceno, P.
Schieder, R.
Schlecht, E.
Schlöder, F.
Schmülling, F.
Schultz, M.
Schuster, K.
Siebertz, O.
Smit, H.
Szczerba, R.
Shipman, R.
Steinmetz, E.
Stern, J. A.
Stokroos, M.
Teipen, R.
Teyssier, D.
Tils, T.
Trappe, N.
van Baaren, C.
van Leeuwen, B.-J.
van de Stadt, H.
Visser, H.
Wildeman, K. J.
Wafelbakker, C. K.
Ward, J. S.
Wesselius, P.
Wild, W.
Wulff, S.
Wunsch, H.-J.
Tielens, X.
Zaal, P.
Zirath, H.
Zmuidzinas, J.
Zwart, F.
Source :
Astronomy and Astrophysics; July 2010, Vol. 518 Issue: 10
Publication Year :
2010

Abstract

Aims. This paper describes the Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI) that was launched onboard ESA's HerschelSpace Observatory in May 2009. Methods. The instrument is a set of 7 heterodyne receivers that are electronically tuneable, covering 480–1250 GHz with SIS mixers and the 1410–1910 GHz range with hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers. The local oscillator (LO) subsystem comprises a Ka-band synthesizer followed by 14 chains of frequency multipliers and 2 chains for each frequency band. A pair of auto-correlators and a pair of acousto-optical spectrometers process the two IF signals from the dual-polarization, single-pixel front-ends to provide instantaneous frequency coverage of 2 × 4 GHz, with a set of resolutions (125 kHz to 1 MHz) that are better than 0.1 km s-1.Results. After a successful qualification and a pre-launch TB/TV test program, the flight instrument is now in-orbit and completed successfully the commissioning and performance verification phase. The in-orbit performance of the receivers matches the pre-launch sensitivities. We also report on the in-orbit performance of the receivers and some first results of HIFI's operations.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
00046361 and 14320746
Volume :
518
Issue :
10
Database :
Supplemental Index
Journal :
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Publication Type :
Periodical
Accession number :
ejs21783789

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