Prevalence of <e1>Helicobacter pylori</e1> infection in a cohort of Italian military students

In 1990, to study regional prevalences and risk factors of <e1>Helicobacter pylori</e1> infection in healthy young adult males, sera were collected from a nationwide sample of 1659 males (mean age 20·7 years) at introduction into the Air Force School for military students in Caserta, Italy. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect <e1>H. pylori</e1> specific immunoglobulin G antibodies. The observed overall seropositivity rate was 17·5% (95% CI 15·7–19·4). Prevalence was higher in southern Italy and in the Italian islands as compared with northern Italy and central Italy (21·3% vs. 9·5%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that residence in southern areas and islands was the strongest predictor of the likelihood of <e1>H. pylori</e1> seropositivity; number of siblings in the household was marginally associated; years of father's schooling was not a significant predictor. <e1>H. pylori</e1> positive subjects were more likely positive for antibodies to hepatitis A virus infection (anti-HAV) than those <e1>H. pylori</e1> negative (35·4% vs. 24·9%; Odds Ratio 1·7, 95% CI 1·3–2·2). Adjustment for the confounding effect of sociodemographic variables weakened this association (OR 1·3, 95% CI 1·0–1·7). These findings suggest that differences in environmental conditions rather than in socioeconomic status may have played the major role in the different spread of <e1>H. pylori</e1> infection across the country.