Experience with intermediate-dose (110–120 mg/m2) epirubicin

A total of 23 patients with advanced malignancies received escalating doses of epirubicin (100–120 mg/m²) i.v. at 3-week intervals; 15 had received previous chemotherapy. In all, 46 courses of chemotherapy were given. Mucositis (grade II or III) occurred in 47% of courses at 120 mg/m², but in only 15% of courses at 115 mg/m². Myelotoxicity was manifest as leucopenia, with a median white blood count nadir of 1.9 (range, 0.8–7.0)×10⁹/l. Nausea and vomiting were generally well controlled by prophylactic antiemetic therapy. Alopecia was WHO grade 0 in 2 patients, grade I in 1, grade II in 5 and grade III in 14. No renal or hepatic toxicity was noted, and there were no episodes of congestive cardiac failure. One fatal coronary thrombosis (proven at post-mortem examination) occurred 48 h after a dose of 115 mg/m². Four patients developed thrombophlebitis at the injection site that was not dose-related; it occurred at doses between 100 and 120 mg/m². Two patients who had been given chemotherapy in the past had complete responses (one penile carcinoma, one gastric carcinoma). Six patients had partial responses, including two with breast cancer, one with gastric cancer and three with sarcoma. Intermediate-dose epirubicin was well tolerated up to 120 mg/m², when mucositis became a significant clinical problem. Preliminary data suggest promising activity in gastric cancer, breast cancer and a variety of sarcomas.