Ecological effects and management aspects of an exotic tree species: the case of lodgepole pine in Sweden.

Studies the ecological effects and management aspects of an exotic North American lodgepole pine tree Pinus contorta in Sweden. Area covered by the lodgepole pine tree plantation in Sweden; Suggestion on management of the plantations of these species to minimize the harmful effects of their introduction on ecosystem; Strategy to observe the adverse effects from the plantations for better Pinus contorta management.