Real Time Imaging of CO2 Storage Zone by Very Accurate- stable-long Term Seismic Source.

Abstract: To examine the effectiveness of our time lapse method for CCS monitoring, we carried out a field-test in Japan using an ultra-stable seismic source. We injected 80-tons air in total into 100 m depth. We obtained transfer functions between the source and 31 seismometers. All residual waveforms between before and after the injection revealed very large changes on records. A station at 200m distance from the injected-well showed 10ms travel-time delay at 1-day after the injection. The time-reversal imaging showed the clear image for spreading of disturbed area from the injection point to eastward with elapsed times. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]