3D warp-knitted textiles provide a home for bacteria used in the biological purification of effluent.

The article focuses on research on the development of 3D textiles for use in modular bioreactor systems for the biological purification of effluent. According to the author, the aim of the cleaning process is to break down carbon compounds into carbon dioxide and water, convert organic nitrogen to ammonium first, and then to nitrate by the oxidation process, and reduce nitrate by anoxic means to form gaseous nitrogen.