Costs and Gains of Smart Charging Electric Vehicles to Provide Regulation Services.

Abstract: With increasing liberalization in the electricity market and the expansion of distributed and renewable power generation in Europe, transmission and distribution, as well as market processes related to the allocation of energy, are undergoing an evolutionary development to accomplish effciency and reliability in the presence of fluctuating energy availability and new technical and regulatory requirements. The paper at hand investigates from a business point of view the introduction of smart charging electric vehicles to enhance the reliability of the future electricity grid. A structured analysis of respective parameters is performed for business cases in existing short term energy markets. Market-based and regulatory concerns are considered to outline a scenario where an aggregator controls charging and/or discharging of electric vehicles and provides ancillary grid services. To extend the analysis further, a simulation based evaluation is implemented by means of an agent-based traffc simulation framework. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]