Study on Advancement of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes of Heart Failure.

Abstract: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes of heart failure (HF) are considered as the key to realize the integration of disease and syndrome differentiation, as well as the correspondence between recipes and syndromes. The evolution of HF syndromes starts with changing of yin-yang and ends with collapsing of yin-yang. This process depends on five viscera, the center of which is the heart and kidneys. Then we present a hypothesis of yin-yang and five viscera on the evolution of HF syndromes. Standardization of HF syndromes is urgently needed, while methodology sheds light on the establishment and usage of standardization of HF syndromes in future. Objective of HF syndromes may lead to the discovery of the syndromes essence, which relies on case-based TCM evidence via integration of modern science and technology. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]