Possibilities and potentials of geological co-storage CO2 and SO2 in China.

Abstract: Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is widely accepted as one of main solutions to mitigate global warming in the world. However, the still-high cost of CCS is one of the major concerns, in particular in developing China. In the other hand, emission control of H₂S and SO₂ has already become the urgent need, and the reduction target has been set in the 11th Five-Year Plan of China. Therefore, co-storage of CO₂+SO₂ or CO₂+H₂S may be an effective way to reduce CCS cost, e.g. due to saving the de-sulphur device, and enable CCS to has an earlier deployment opportunity. In this paper, we try to, at first, reveal some key problems, i.e., trapping mechanism, injectivity and leakage risk, for co-injection and co-storage of CO₂ and the strong acid SO₂ into subsurface spaces in a certain gas field in China. The output of this gas field includes about 6.8% H₂S and 4.6% CO₂. Then, we want to insight into the possibilities and potentials of co-storage of CO₂+SO₂ by numerical studies. After widely referring all opened and published scientifical and technical literature, we develop a model to study a porous media system associated with the thermo-hydro-chemical coupling interactions. The hydrogeology and mineralogy of the injected formation are extracted from the historical materials of the gas field. We have performed several numerical simulations with consideration of a sandstone-clay sequence under acid-gas injection conditions. The clay formation is supposed as a sealed cap rock for the co-storage disposal system. The study examines the impact of SO₂ co-injection on the pH of formation brine. Co-injection of CO₂ with SO₂ results in a larger and more strongly acidified zone, and alteration differs substantially from that caused by the injection of CO₂ alone. The mineral alteration induced by injection of CO₂ with SO₂ leads to corresponding changes in porosity. Significant increases in porosity occur in the acidified zones where mineral dissolution dominates. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]