Stereotype Threat and the Effects of Immigrant and Domestic Minorities' Racial Identities on College Performance.

While stereotype threat affects the academic performance of domestic minority students, a rising share of today's minority college students are foreign-born immigrants or have immigrant parents. Immigrant minority students, however, do not necessarily identify with and fit into the same racial paradigm that makes domestic minorities susceptible to stereotype threat. The reality of a rising share of immigrant minority students on American college and university campuses begs two questions: First, do immigrant minority students experience stereotype threat differently than domestic minorities? Second, to the extent that immigrants do experience stereotype threat differently, how does the mechanism of stereotype threat operate?Using a randomly-selected, longitudinal sample of nearly 2,000 black and Hispanic students at 28 American colleges and universities who answer a battery of questions designed specifically to test their experience of stereotype threat, this study first compares the validity of two methodological approaches to measuring stereotype threat. Ultimately using structural equation modeling, analysis finds that first and second generation immigrants have a particular resilience against the performance-depressing effects of stereotype threat among domestic minorities. At the same time, domestic minority students do not experience all dimensions of stereotype threat to the same extent that has been previously posited. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]