Management and research applications of real-time and archival passive acoustic sensors over varying temporal and spatial scales.

The article presents a study which focuses on the value of passive acoustics technology, bottom-mounted buoys, towed arrays and real-time acoustic sensors for scientific and management applications with marine animals in widely spatial scales. It states that the majority of the application of the passive acoustic technologies focused on cetacean research, management and mitigation. It says that the study offers various case studies of the applications for most taxa and multi-species detectors were built for all big whales and fish species. It mentions that the social interaction of right whales change throughout the season and the gunshot sounds has increased. It also notes that passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) can only be useful when taken in the acoustic behavioural ecology of animals.