Movement Disorders.

Movement disorders (MDs) typically result from abnormalities of the extrapyramidal system. The core structures of the extrapyramidal system include the caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, red nucleus, thalamic nucleus, subthalamic nucleus and their connections to the cerebral cortex, brain stem, and cerebellum, with the final output being pyramidal tract. The main transmitter substances are dopamine, acetylcholine, GABA and glutamate. MDs can be hyperkinetic, hypokinetic, or dyskinetic. This chapter highlights the approach to common MDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]