Instillation of Bone Cement.

The first percutaneous vertebroplasty was performed in 1984 by the interventional neuroradiologists Galibert and Deramond and reported first in the literature in 1987 for the treatment of an aggressive hemangioma of a vertebral body (Galibert et al. 1987). Since then, vertebral augmentation with an injection of a mixture of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and a contrast agent has been widely accepted as an option to treat vertebral body compression fractures due to different underlying pathologies, such as hemangioma, multiple myeloma, osteolytic metastases, and primary or secondary osteoporosis (Kobayashi et al. 2005; Larsson 2002). The other option for treating an osteoporotic compression fracture of a vertebral body is to use an inflatable balloon to restore the height of the vertebral body — so-called kyphoplasty. One of the postulated effects is that kyphoplasty is able to reduce the resulting kyphotic deformity and stabilizes its effect by a cement injection; it was first described by Reiley in the early 1990s (Mathis et al. 2004). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]