Reducing the Energy Usage of Office Applications.

In this paper, we demonstrate how component-based middleware can reduce the energy usage of closed-source applications. We first describe how the Puppeteer system exploits well-defined interfaces exported by applications to modify their behavior. We then present a detailed study of the energy usage of Microsoft's PowerPoint application and show that adaptive policies can reduce energy expenditure by 49% in some instances. In addition, we use the results of the study to provide general advice to developers of applications and middleware that will enable them to create more energy-efficient software [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]