Applying Transgenic Zebrafish Technology to Study the Retina.

During the past two decades, zebrafish (Danio rerio) have become established as a prolific model for biological research (for review, see Udvadia and Linney, 2003). Zebrafish exhibit many features of an ideal model organism, including small size, rapid development, and high fecundity. Since zebrafish are vertebrates, there is a conservation of physiology with higher vertebrates, including humans. Juvenile zebrafish develop rapidly and oviparously, facilitating developmental studies without invasive procedures. Zebrafish are amenable to drug discovery, having similar responses to mammals in pharmacological tests using cardiovascular, anti-angiogenic and anti-cancer drugs (for review, see Langheinrich et al., 2002). To date, zebrafish have been used in genetic screens to identify genes involved in development and function of organs including the eye, brain, ear and heart (Haffter et al., 1996). More recently, transgenic technologies have been developed for zebrafish. In this review, we will describe how this transgenic technology can be applied to study retinal biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]