β-Amyloid Protein Aggregation.

The β-amyloid peptide aggregates via a nucleation pathway where micellar aggregates propagate to form oligomers (protofibrils), which then polymerize into insoluble fibrils. This fibrillogenic process has been linked to the pathogenesis associated with Alzheimer's disease. One purpose of this chapter is to provide a protocol for reliably producing monomeric Aβas a starting point for physical and biological studies. Many research groups have used organic solvents to disaggregate pre-seeded Aβ in an attempt to acquire monomeric starting materials. Others have used instrumental techniques such as size exclusion chromatography to isolate monomer, structural intermediates, and fibrils and study their affects on A β nucleation. This chapter discusses a modified method of A βpreparation using organic solvents followed by dissolution into aqueous phosphate buffer systems that renders monomeric A β starting solutions for kinetic experiments. Additionally, this chapter details a number of physical techniques such as scanning force microscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence photobleaching recovery, and dynamic light scattering, together with physiological techniques such as cell viability assays to characterize Aβ nucleation, aggregation, and fibrillization and the potential biological activity of the various A βparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]