The First European Chiropractors.

At the beginning of the twenty-first century, secondary histories available in chiropractic literature did not provide definitive answers to the questions: who were the first Europeans to study chiropractic, and, who were the first chiropractors to practise in Europe? This paper sheds new light on the answers to these questions. Based on the findings of archival research undertaken in the United States during 2004, the authors conclude that four chiropractors: Godfrey Heathcote (England), Marie Nesseth (Norway), C. Rasmussen (Norway), and Elizabeth Van Raders (France), were probably the first Europeans to study chiropractic, in 1906. In the absence of evidence suggesting that any of these individuals established a chiropractic practice in Europe, and evidence to suggest that at least two of them might have practised chiropractic in the United States, it is postulated that another individual, Arthur Eteson, an Englishman, was the first to establish a chiropractic practice in Europe, in about 1908. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]