THE CONCEPT OF MODERN TRAINING IN SPORT.

Contemporary sport training requires many hours of practice with increasing physical and psychical loads. Approaching the limits of one's capabilities was ascertained long time ago. It turned out that the human body was able to bear those increasing loads. This applies mainly to athletes achieving international success. Apart from them there are competitors who achieve considerable results with difficulty, and therefore frequently give up competitive sport. No statistical record of such losses has been kept, however such records may be of great significance to future champions. Both types of athletes, novice and advanced, should be taken care of. Is it possible to decrease the applied training loads and thus limit the number of load-linked injuries? Must competitive sport supply premature pensioners? Eliminating all the defects of training is not easy, but its considerable improvement is possible. Improvement means rather a new concept dealing with the most important part of the training -- motor preparation -- and particularly the increase of training efficiency and technique improvement. The aims of the work were as follows: 1. creation of a new form of motor preparation; 2. presentation of a novel concept of selecting candidates for sport; 3. development of new ways of attaining sport specialization; 4. new formulation of relationships between physical and co-ordination abilities; 5. development of emotions specific to the given sport. The paper presents five important elements of the concept of modern training. Their implementation does not require additional financial resources and does not imply any risk. Some of these proposals were applied in other countries with very good effects (e.g. by female volleyball players of the Japanese national team). Due to their effectiveness, they became the "secret of the coaching workshop". The originality of these proposals consists of their systemic formulation. They are a synthesis of results of numerous fragmentary studies by various authors, including my own pedagogical experiments, as well as research and pedagogical experience. Some conclusions in the work were based on results of studies conducted using our own method of awakening or refreshing kinesthetic sensations. The method was used in various sports such as ice figure skating, ski jumps and swimming. Greater expressiveness of these sensations was connected with a higher level of technical preparation in a number of sports e.g., skiing, ski jumping, fencing, kayaking, judo, ice figure skating, speed skating, skiing, fencing, boxing and pole vault. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]