Trauma History and Trauma-Informed Practice Relate to Counseling Student's Satisfaction with Supervision and Rapport with Supervisor.

The effects of traumatic stressors and adversity have implications for relationship outcomes in various professional settings, including clinical supervision. The high prevalence of traumatic experiences among counselors and counselors in training (CIT) suggests a need to explore how CITs experience the supervision relationship in the context of having experienced traumatic and/or adverse events. In recent years, researchers and practitioners have increased attention to trauma-informed practice and principles in clinical supervision, and many have suggested that applying these practices to supervision may improve the supervision relationship and related outcomes. This study explored factors related to CIT satisfaction with supervision and rapport with their supervisor, including adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and the supervisor's use of trauma-informed practices. Results showed that higher instances of ACEs were associated with lower ratings of satisfaction and rapport in supervision. Hierarchical regression models indicated that students' perceptions of supervisors' application of trauma-informed practices were associated with stronger supervision working alliance and higher satisfaction with supervision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]