Synergistic Effect of TiO₂ Nanorods Incorporated with Graphene Oxide for Photocatalytic Degradation of Multiple Dyes.

The treatment of dye-contaminated wastewater is essential for mitigating environmental and health risks. In this study, we developed a novel nanocomposite, TiO₂-incorporated graphene oxide (TiO₂@GOn), aimed at enhancing the photocatalytic degradation of neutral red dye, which served as the target analyte. The photocatalysis technique was employed, leveraging the excitation of TiO₂ under UV light to generate reactive oxygen species for efficient dye degradation. TiO₂ nanorods were combined with graphene oxide to form the TiO₂@GOn nanocomposite, designed to improve charge separation and enhance catalytic activity. Nanocomposite characterization was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine crystallographic structure, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to visualize surface morphology, and UV–Vis spectroscopy to evaluate the optical properties and photocatalytic behavior. The TiO₂@GOn nanocomposite demonstrated a synergistic catalytic effect, outperforming pristine TiO₂ and graphene oxide individually in dye degradation. This study introduces a highly efficient nanomaterial for environmental applications, offering a sustainable approach to the treatment of dye pollutants in wastewater.Highlights: Development of TiO₂-incorporated graphene oxide nanocomposite (TiO₂@GOn). Catalytic degradation ability towards neutral red dye has been explored. Highly exposed surface area for the photocatalytic degradation process. Highly effective in the photocatalytic degradation of neutral red dye. Explored the possibility of employing TiO₂@GOn in dye degradation applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]