Primary antibody deficiencies.

Primary antibody deficiencies are characterized by tile inability to effectively produce antibodies and inay invol-ue defects iii B-cell development or maturation. Prililary alltibody deficieiicies can occur at mly age, depending on the disease pathology. Certaiti primary antibody deficiencies affect males mid females equally, whereas others affect mates more often. Patients typically present with recurrent sinopulmonary and gastrointestinal infections, and some patients can experience an increased risk of opportunistic infections. Multidisciplinary collaboration is important iii the management of patients with primary antibody deficiencies because these patients require heightened monitoring for atopic, autoimmune, and nialignant comorbidities and complications. The underlying genetic defects associated luith many primary antibody deflciencies have been discovered, but, in some diseases, the underlying genetic defect and inheritance are still unkiiozon. The diagnosis of primary antibody deficiencies is often macie through the evaluation of immunoglobillin levels, lynipliocyte levels, and antibody responses. A definitive diagnosis is obtained through genetic testing, which offers specific ilianageinent options and may inform future family planning. Treatment varies but generally inchides antibiotic prophylaxis, vaccination, and intmunoglobitlin replacement. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is also an option for certain primary antibody deficiencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]