Myocardial Revascularization in Heart Failure: A State-of-the-Art Review.

• Identifying which patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute heart failure (HF) or left ventricular systolic dysfunction will benefit from revascularization is challenging owing to population heterogeneity. • We propose a treatment algorithm that categorizes patients with CAD and HF/left ventricular systolic dysfunction into 2 frameworks: those exhibiting CAD-predominant symptoms (acute myocardial infarction, refractory angina, or positive stress test) vs those with HF-predominant symptoms (dyspnea, orthopnea, peripheral edema without angina or positive stress test). • Randomized controlled trials and observational data indicate that revascularization benefits patients with CAD-predominant symptoms, but does not confer symptomatic or mortality benefit in those with HF-predominant symptoms. Patients with heart failure (HF) and underlying coronary artery disease (CAD) have a substantially higher risk of mortality compared with those with HF from other causes. However, identifying individuals with HF for whom revascularization is likely to improve prognosis is a complex clinical decision. Revascularization is likely beneficial for patients with CAD-predominant symptoms, such as those with acute myocardial infarction or stable ischemic heart disease with refractory angina. However, for patients with HF-predominant symptoms, characterized by dyspnea without acute myocardial infarction or refractory angina, the benefits of revascularization are less clear. This state-of-the-art review summarizes the outcomes, clinical trials, and therapeutic approaches for patients with both CAD and HF, and proposes a therapeutic algorithm to guide the diagnosis and comprehensive workup of these complex patients. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]