BBNJ agreement in the purview of developing countries: A case study of Pakistan.

The Biodiversity beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) Agreement has gained global attention since it is anticipated to be implemented in the near future. This analysis demonstrates that almost all nations have made significant efforts to complete the BBNJ Agreement. This manuscript intends to highlight the ongoing efforts of developing nations in the BBNJ discussions by utilizing a descriptive approach and concentrating specifically on Pakistan as a case study. Furthermore, the elements brought by the Asian and African groups supporting Pakistan's role are also discussed, since these groups are ambitious in obtaining an internationally legally binding instrument (ILBI). This study goes further into the views of developing country groups in all the Intergovernmental Conference sessions (IGCs) on BBNJ. The differences between developing and developed nations, such as the concept of the Common Heritage of Humankind principle (CHH), Marine Genetic Resources (MGRs), and omitting fish from the scope of the BBNJ Agreement, are examined in this paper. Pakistan's advantageous geographical position and extensive coastline have been emphasized, underscoring the significance of BBNJ for Pakistan and its proactive engagement in the discussions, particularly its representation of the Group of 77 developing nations at the United Nations (G-77). Although Pakistan initially was not actively engaging in the debates, it voiced its ambitious attitude when representing the G-77 in 2022, which was refreshing. This study reveals that while Pakistan has played a vital role in BBNJ discussions, it still requires updating its data and policy development to embrace the BBNJ Agreement effectively. Nevertheless, this disparity may be remedied via a diligent mindset and conscientious conduct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]