Tourism collaboration evaluation and research directions.

This study aims to evaluate better the effectiveness of tourism collaboration and subsequently identify future research directions. Its conceptual framework for evaluating the effectiveness of stakeholder collaboration consists of four main parts: context, process, outcome and impact. The framework enables comparative analysis of collaboration across different contexts; allows individual or comparative case studies; and enables efforts to collect data on a series of indicators from many cases to test dimensions, elements and interactions. This study systematically reviews 169 studies evaluating stakeholder collaboration, including research papers, book chapters, research frontiers articles, commentaries, book reviews, issue introductions, short communications and research notes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]